This thesis offers a detailed legal, historical, and humanitarian assessment of the persecution of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar. It systematically evaluates whether the acts committed against them meet the international definitions of mass killing, ethnic cleansing, or genocide, as articulated in conventions and customary international law. The study draws upon eyewitness testimonies, NGO and UN reports, and photographic and satellite evidence to construct a factual narrative of the events. It also addresses the international community’s varied responses, including diplomatic actions, sanctions, and humanitarian interventions, and how these have shaped the evolving situation on the ground.